{"id":10067,"date":"2022-02-25T13:37:41","date_gmt":"2022-02-25T16:37:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/faracodeazevedo.com.br\/?p=10067"},"modified":"2022-02-25T13:37:42","modified_gmt":"2022-02-25T16:37:42","slug":"fgts-constituicao-federal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/faracodeazevedo.com.br\/index.php\/2022\/02\/25\/fgts-constituicao-federal\/","title":{"rendered":"FGTS , Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o Federal"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"10067\" class=\"elementor elementor-10067\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4ed47ab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4ed47ab\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17fe7028\" data-id=\"17fe7028\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4163d062 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4163d062\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.19.0 - 29-01-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<h6 style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Andr\u00e9 Jobim de Azevedo<\/span><\/h6><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>I Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A lembran\u00e7a e iniciativa dos Confrades Jos\u00e9 Cl\u00e1udio Monteiro de Brito, Sandro Nahmias, e S\u00f4nia Mascaro Nascimento, bem como do colega Ney\u00a0 Maranh\u00e3o, coordenadores da obra em homenagem ao\u00a0 querido <strong>Confrade Georgenor de Sousa Franco Filho<\/strong> revela \u00a0sensibilidade comum no sentido de\u00a0\u00a0 que nosso irm\u00e3o \u00a0GEO tem reconhecimento geral. Sua intelig\u00eancia, sabedoria, capacidade, trajet\u00f3ria pessoal e profissional s\u00e3o atributos de p\u00fablica e not\u00f3ria ci\u00eancia e fazem just\u00edssima esta lembran\u00e7a.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O direito do trabalho em mudan\u00e7a e em voga assim imp\u00f5e. J\u00e1 se\u00a0 passaram 30 anos da promulga\u00e7\u00e3o da Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o Federal a qual constituiu-se em importante verticaliza\u00e7\u00e3o da reg\u00eancia trabalhista.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Muitas foram as importantes normas que nela se encontram, e que antes mesmo de abordagem do tema escolhido,\u00a0 destaco o papel atribu\u00eddo aos sindicatos , no sentido de\u00a0 permitir regula\u00e7\u00e3o distinta da norma legal, pela via do acordo ou conven\u00e7\u00e3o coletiva. Um indicativo futuro de reg\u00eancia das rela\u00e7\u00f5es de emprego pelas normas coletivas.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00c9 o que costumo chamar de \u201cflexibiliza\u00e7\u00e3o sob tutela coletiva\u201d ou \u201cflexibiliza\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0 sob tutela normativa\u201d, espa\u00e7o de poder e adequa\u00e7\u00e3o normativa na formula\u00e7\u00e3o de regras aos contratos de trabalho. Estes e o pr\u00f3prio trabalho em nosso pa\u00eds t\u00e3o diverso e distinto n\u00e3o tem a melhor regula\u00e7\u00e3o na rigidez da lei e aplica\u00e7\u00e3o generalizada a toda e qualquer contrato de trabalho, sen\u00e3o pela pontual formula\u00e7\u00e3o coletiva.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nesse sentido inclusive as profundas altera\u00e7\u00f5es havidas na CLT, por for\u00e7a da Lei 13.467\/17, a chamada Lei da Reforma, e que prestigiam espa\u00e7o normativo\u00a0 n\u00e3o pela via legal ampla e gen\u00e9rica, mas normativa coletiva e individual (tamb\u00e9m obviamente legais). Em tese, com o\u00a0 respeito \u00e0s normas do artigo 7\u00ba da CF , mas cujo assentamento jurisprudencial e doutrin\u00e1rio ainda tomar\u00e1 algum tempo e depender\u00e1 de algumas defini\u00e7\u00f5es\u00a0 acerca dessa constitucionalidade pelo\u00a0 Supremo Tribunal Federal.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Para al\u00e9m dos titulares dos direitos materiais enormemente atualizados e alterados, a reforma trazida pela Lei 13.467\/17, coloca igualmente no centro das discuss\u00f5es, os novos caminhos alterados para manejo de uma s\u00e9rie de direitos praticados nos procedimentos judiciais \u2013 e ora\u00a0 noutros extrajudiciais \u2013 \u00e9 capaz de asseverar os novos rumos das rela\u00e7\u00f5es de trabalho.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pois tais mudan\u00e7as, recentes, ainda est\u00e3o sendo objeto n\u00e3o s\u00f3 de avalia\u00e7\u00e3o e interpreta\u00e7\u00e3o, bem como de hesitante inicial jurisprud\u00eancia, ainda n\u00e3o uniformes.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0O que releva, nestas breves observa\u00e7\u00f5es, \u00e9 a avalia\u00e7\u00e3o da profunda mudan\u00e7a havida na prote\u00e7\u00e3o ao tempo de servi\u00e7o e seus consect\u00e1rios indenizat\u00f3rios quando a Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o Federal instituiu o\u00a0 regime jur\u00eddico \u00fanico do FGTS a todos os empregados do pa\u00eds.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 De onde se origina, como\u00a0 a CLT tratava, como a CF alterou , como leis posteriores assim referem \u00e9 o que se pretende aqui abordar.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>II \u00a0A lei\u00a0 Eloy Chaves, A Estabilidade decenal, \u00a0e a CLT<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Admir\u00e1vel mundo novo nos cerca nesta segunda d\u00e9cada do s\u00e9culo XXI. \u00c9 surpreendente o que, por vezes n\u00e3o percebemos, mas \u00e9 a atual realidade. A evolu\u00e7\u00e3o dos meios de transporte e de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o parecem ter-nos levado a este estado de coisas. Vivemos a era da tecnologia e da velocidade. Para tudo. Comunicamo-nos com inimagin\u00e1vel rapidez e somos capazes de atingir a qualquer localidade do globo em quest\u00e3o de horas. Assistimos fatos, onde quer que eles aconte\u00e7am, segundos ou minutos ap\u00f3s sua efetiva\u00e7\u00e3o, em vivas reprodu\u00e7\u00f5es filmadas e sonorizadas, muitas vezes ao vivo. O mundo parece pequeno. As redes sociais est\u00e3o a\u00ed para comprovar.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Essa condi\u00e7\u00e3o que nos cerca nos faz part\u00edcipes desse cen\u00e1rio contempor\u00e2neo n\u00e3o como meros expectadores ou testemunhas, mas verdadeiros atores e protagonistas.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ao mesmo tempo perderam-se as refer\u00eancias antes vigentes relativas \u00e0s grandes na\u00e7\u00f5es, aos grandes l\u00edderes, \u00e0s institui\u00e7\u00f5es, \u00e0s tradi\u00e7\u00f5es, \u00e0s profiss\u00f5es, aos partidos pol\u00edticos, \u00e0s agremia\u00e7\u00f5es. O centro do mundo passa a ser o indiv\u00edduo, como auto-refer\u00eancia, convivendo com a enorme diversidade e pluralidade evidentes no mundo contempor\u00e2neo. As no\u00e7\u00f5es de destaque social ef\u00eameras e calcadas nas mais diversas superficiais situa\u00e7\u00f5es e dilui\u00e7\u00e3o ou fragilidade de lideran\u00e7as capazes de bem estimular vis\u00f5es mais pr\u00f3prias da corrente atribulada vida atual.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A vida realmente est\u00e1 diferente e o mundo em constante muta\u00e7\u00e3o. Decorrem da\u00ed significativas altera\u00e7\u00f5es no cen\u00e1rio econ\u00f4mico e nele o mundo do trabalho.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 As rela\u00e7\u00f5es de trabalho que comp\u00f5e estas observa\u00e7\u00f5es por certo tamb\u00e9m s\u00e3o bastante distintas daquelas que historicamente manejamos. Por igual os sujeitos sociais e sujeitos econ\u00f4micos desse processo produtivo igualmente distinguem-se.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Atribuo \u00e0 essa novel condi\u00e7\u00e3o produtiva e mercadol\u00f3gica altera\u00e7\u00f5es patentes na sociedade e necessariamente em seus sujeitos \u2013 inclu\u00eddos os \u00a0n\u00e3o econ\u00f4micos, onde causa e efeito se confundem.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 As rela\u00e7\u00f5es econ\u00f4micas at\u00e9 a bem pouco tempo atr\u00e1s eram restritas, limitadas e envolviam n\u00fameros muit\u00edssimo menores de sujeitos. O mundo cresceu e ao mesmo tempo tornou-se menor.\u00a0 O mundo do trabalho tem direto reflexo da nova realidade.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A extens\u00e3o e amplitude das altera\u00e7\u00f5es mudam o cen\u00e1rio trabalhista significativamente e v\u00eam iniciadas desde a promulga\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0 da carta constitucional.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A\u00a0 tem\u00e1tica da Estabilidade decenal \u00e9 , no entanto , bastante antiga e diretamente ligada ao FGTS institu\u00eddo pela CF\/88 como um direto de todos.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A importante Lei Eloy Chaves, publicada em 24 de janeiro de 1923, foi inovadora. Consolidou a base do sistema previdenci\u00e1rio brasileiro, com a cria\u00e7\u00e3o e unifica\u00e7\u00e3o das Caixas de Aposentadorias e Pens\u00f5es para os empregados das empresas ferrovi\u00e1rias. Ap\u00f3s a promulga\u00e7\u00e3o desta lei, outras empresas foram beneficiadas e seus empregados tamb\u00e9m passaram a ser segurados da Previd\u00eancia Social.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O que releva no particular, contudo \u00e9 que a mesma institui em favor dos ferrovi\u00e1rios a \u201cestabilidade decenal\u201d, e que\u00a0 posteriormente estendida a outras categorias, prote\u00e7\u00e3o ao tempo de servi\u00e7o proibindo a despedida imotivada para aqueles que houvessem prestado servi\u00e7os ao mesmo empregador por\u00a0 dez anos .<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Um conquista significativa para a categoria ( ferrovias j\u00e1 foram sim fundamentais em nosso enorme pa\u00eds) que p\u00f4de obter prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra a despedida sem justa causa e que foi acolhida\u00a0 pela CLT, ampliada, pois a todos os empregados do pa\u00eds, compondo o cap\u00edtulo\u00a0 VII, artigos 492 \/500 , al\u00e9m dos artigos indenizat\u00f3rios correspondentes , quando a despedida pudesse acontecer aos n\u00e3o estabilit\u00e1rios.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Instituto controvertido e muit\u00edssimo discutido, tinha observa\u00e7\u00f5es antag\u00f4nicas a seu respeito. Trabalhadores o saudavam e viam o momento da aquisi\u00e7\u00e3o deste direito como\u00a0\u00a0 important\u00edssimo para a continua\u00e7\u00e3o serena do contrato de trabalho, j\u00e1 que retirava de suas cabe\u00e7as a \u201cespada de D\u00e2mocles\u201d, da ruptura imotivada do pacto laboral. A partir de ent\u00e3o poderia\u00a0 trabalhar com mais tranquilidade e seguran\u00e7a. Empregadores n\u00e3o aceitavam a restri\u00e7\u00e3o ao seu poder de comando, com a proibi\u00e7\u00e3o legal de despedida potestativa, limita\u00e7\u00e3o ao seu poder-dever de administrar a for\u00e7a humana de sua atividade, com perda de produtividade e engessamento da\u00a0 administra\u00e7\u00e3o do contrato de trabalho.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vers\u00f5es opostas, que enfrentavam a desconstru\u00e7\u00e3o real do instituto, na medida em que frustrada a sua aplica\u00e7\u00e3o por conta da despedida em momento imediatamente antecedente ao alcance do dec\u00eanio\u00a0 da estabilidade. Os empregados eram despedidos na expectativa temporal de adquirir este direito, \u00e0s v\u00e9speras de sua incid\u00eancia e eram indenizados na forma da CLT&#8230;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Em meados da d\u00e9cada de 60, o Brasil deu-se conta de que n\u00e3o tinha ainda autossufici\u00eancia econ\u00f4mica e estrutural capaz de organizar o desenvolvimento e estrutura\u00e7\u00e3o de um gigante pa\u00eds com enorme territ\u00f3rio nacional.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00c0 necessidade de estabelecimento de situa\u00e7\u00f5es b\u00e1sicas de infra&#8211;estrutura e moradia social faltava capital capaz de assim alavancar o pa\u00eds. E o\u00a0 capital estrangeiro seria a solu\u00e7\u00e3o para tanto, mas que resistia a aqui investir diante da limita\u00e7\u00e3o administrativa do manejo dos trabalhadores por conta da estabilidade decenal, maneio empresarial que\u00a0 desagradava e desestimulava.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Como ent\u00e3o compor nossa necessidade p\u00e1tria de suporte para o desenvolvimento e ao mesmo tempo ser atrativo ao Capital estrangeiro que\u00a0 a financiaria, mas que , repita-se, n\u00e3o admitia a limita\u00e7\u00e3o estabilit\u00e1ria no manejo da m\u00e3o de obra?<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u00e3o seria poss\u00edvel a simples revoga\u00e7\u00e3o de tais regras, por conta, justamente de sua importante considera\u00e7\u00e3o hist\u00f3rica de conquista dos trabalhadores e que se constituiria em rev\u00e9s a todo um sistema de prote\u00e7\u00e3o laboral ancorado na CLT.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u00e3o se perca de vista que, talvez a maior cr\u00edtica \u00e0 regra celetista, seria facilmente frustr\u00e1vel pelo empregador, bastando\u00a0 tomar a iniciativa\u00a0 rescis\u00f3ria imotivada antes da chegada dos 10 anos&#8230;.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pois \u00e9 neste ambiente que \u00e9 editada a Lei 5.107\/66, a lei b\u00e1sica do FGTS ( e que a ela se agregaram algumas outras leis esparsas relativas ao \u00a0mesmo\u00a0 objeto) uma reg\u00eancia alternativa ao sistema protetivo da CLT ( estabilidade + indeniza\u00e7\u00e3o).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O FGTS nasce como uma alternativa, um sistema opcional, \u00e0queles que assim o desejassem , com prote\u00e7\u00e3o ao tempo de servi\u00e7o\u00a0 pela via da acumula\u00e7\u00e3o de contribui\u00e7\u00f5es obrigat\u00f3rias do empregador \u00e0 conta do\u00a0 Fundo dos empregados que houvessem feito a escolha (conta vinculada). Al\u00e9m da constitui\u00e7\u00e3o de uma poupan\u00e7a compuls\u00f3ria para os tempos de aposentadoria, da titularidade do trabalhador \u2013 hoje inclusive impenhor\u00e1vel por lei -previa imposi\u00e7\u00e3o de multa rescis\u00f3rias na hip\u00f3tese de rescis\u00e3o imotivada. Al\u00e9m de outras possibilidades de movimenta\u00e7\u00e3o conforme previsse a Lei.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Esta op\u00e7\u00e3o pelo ent\u00e3o novo sistema, tinha o significado de ren\u00fancia \u00e0 prote\u00e7\u00e3o celetista no particular, pelo que a lei impunha manifesta\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0 formal no sentido (diferentemente da regra legal do contrato de trabalho), sem o que n\u00e3o atingiria efic\u00e1cia\u00a0 qualquer ades\u00e3o ao FGTS.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tratou-se de sistema bastante interessante que\u00a0 ao mesmo tempo que abria possibilidade de um novo modo \u00a0de prote\u00e7\u00e3o ao tempo de servi\u00e7o, mantinha \u2013 por garantia constitucional \u2013 o direito daqueles que o haviam adquirido, da prote\u00e7\u00e3o celetista , inclusive a pr\u00f3pria estabilidade.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A realidade evidenciou que essa op\u00e7\u00e3o passou a ser a regra esvaziando \u2013 mas mantendo a prote\u00e7\u00e3o ao direito adquirido e ao ato jur\u00eddico perfeito &#8211;\u00a0 significativamente o instituto da estabilidade decenal, indeniza\u00e7\u00f5es previstos pela CLT.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>III \u00a0A Estabilidade decenal &#8211; Pequeno\u00a0 Hist\u00f3rico &#8211; Altera\u00e7\u00e3o Constitucional- FGTS direito de Todos<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Passam os anos e o per\u00edodo \u00a0da ditadura militar, e o pa\u00eds\u00a0 passa a respirar ares de democracia, recebe de volta exilados pol\u00edticos e convoca uma assembleia nacional Constituinte.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A retomada de um pa\u00eds livre, organizado e democr\u00e1tico tem a realiza\u00e7\u00e3o de uma nova Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o como um pressuposto e assim foi feito.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Em outubro de 1988 foi promulgada a chamada \u201cConstitui\u00e7\u00e3o -Cidad\u00e3\u201d, com altera\u00e7\u00f5es significativas na ordem jur\u00eddica e tamb\u00e9m no direito do trabalho, notadamente concentradas \u2013 no \u00e2mbito do direito individual do trabalho &#8211; no artigo 7\u00ba.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Foram duros embates doutrin\u00e1rios, ideol\u00f3gicos entre for\u00e7as sociais distintas e opostas, que impuseram enorme \u00e2mbito de negocia\u00e7\u00e3o at\u00e9 atingir-se a forma e defini\u00e7\u00e3o do artigo 7\u00ba da CRFB.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A altera\u00e7\u00e3o normativa foi significativamente extensa e complexa abordando quest\u00f5es variadas.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 N\u00e3o sem antes algumas pequenas e importantes refer\u00eancias hist\u00f3ricas.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Citado em v\u00e1rias de suas obras ( raz\u00e3o pela qual n\u00e3o se refere obra espec\u00edfica) o S\u00e9rgio Pinto Martins refere que j\u00e1 em 1934 os constituintes previam um fundo de\u00a0 reserva de trabalho, uma certa garantia de \u00a0sal\u00e1rio n a hip\u00f3tese de desaparecimento da empresa empregadora, conforme Projeto de Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o encaminhado para a Assembleia Constituinte, em seu artigo 124,\u00a7 5\u00ba. Foi criado ainda um fundo de indeniza\u00e7\u00f5es trabalhistas, pela Lei 3.470\/58, impondo cota inicial de 3% sobre toda a remunera\u00e7\u00e3o mensal bruta do empregado.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o de 1967, em seu artigo 158 previa, al\u00e9m de outros direitos, no inciso XIII, estabilidade com indeniza\u00e7\u00e3o ao empregado despedido, ou fundo de garantia equivalente.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A Emenda constitucional 1 de 1969, no artigo 165, inciso XIII, manteve a previs\u00e3o.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Criado pela Lei 5.107\/66 o Fundo de Garantia do Tempo de Servi\u00e7o, veio com o um sistema opcional, em tese equivalente\u00a0 ao regime de estabilidade com\u00a0 indeniza\u00e7\u00e3o por tempo de servi\u00e7o, equival\u00eancia essa jur\u00eddica e n\u00e3o econ\u00f4mica, conforme cristalizou a S\u00famula 98 do TST, inciso I.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Alei previa ainda prazo para a op\u00e7\u00e3o pelo FGTS, que deveria dar-se\u00a0 em 365 dias a partir de sua vig\u00eancia para os contratos em curso e quando da admiss\u00e3o par aos novos empregados contratados a partir de ent\u00e3o. Possibilitava ainda por ele optar, a qualquer tempo mediante homologa\u00e7\u00e3o da Justi\u00e7a do Trabalho.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tratava-se de manifesta\u00e7\u00e3o de vontade formal que deveria ser exercida por escrito e notada em sua CTPS e ficha registro.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Na busca de equival\u00eancia econ\u00f4mica, estabeleceu multa prevista no artigo 6\u00ba quando,\u00a0 ocorrendo rescis\u00e3o do contrato de trabalho, por parte da empresa, sem justa causa, ficar\u00e1 esta obrigada a depositar, na data da dispensa, a favor do empregado, import\u00e2ncia igual a 10% dos valores dos\u00a0 dep\u00f3sitos, da corre\u00e7\u00e3o monet\u00e1ria e dos juros capitalizados na sua conta vinculada banc\u00e1ria, do per\u00edodo em que trabalhou na empresa. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Obrigou as empresas a dep\u00f3sitos, at\u00e9 o dia 20 de cada m\u00eas, na referida conta vinculada banc\u00e1ria \u00a0import\u00e2ncia correspondente a 8% da remunera\u00e7\u00e3o parta no m\u00eas anterior a cada empregado optante ou n\u00e3o. Estas contas eram abertas para os empregado optantes em seu nome, ou em nome da empresa, mas individualizada cm rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao empregado n\u00e3o optante. A lei assegurava este direitos aos empregados do per\u00edodo posterior \u00e0 op\u00e7\u00e3o pelo novo sistema.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O per\u00edodo anterior, para aqueles empregados que j\u00e1 tinham \u00e0 \u00e9poca contratos em andamento, e que tivessem rescindidos seus contratos imotivadamente, de acordo com as regras da CLT, previstas no Cap\u00edtulo V, do T\u00edtulo IV. Para os que contassem com\u00a0 dez anos ou mais de servi\u00e7o, na forma prevista pelo \u00a0artigo 497 da\u00a0 mesma CLT. O valor dessa indeniza\u00e7\u00e3o do tempo anterior \u00e0 op\u00e7\u00e3o deveria ser\u00a0 depositado\u00a0 complementarmente pela empresa na conta vinculada do empregado, conforme artigo 16\u00ba em seu par\u00e1grafo 1\u00ba.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Era o\u00a0 par\u00e1grafo segundo que dava a possibilidade de a empresa a qualquer tempo desobrigar-se\u00a0 da responsabilidade de indeniza\u00e7\u00e3o relativa ao per\u00edodo anterior depositando o valor correspondente .<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Da obriga\u00e7\u00e3o igual de dep\u00f3sitos mensais ao empregado n\u00e3o optante, tratou o artigo 17 da reda\u00e7\u00e3o original da Lei 5.107. Se houvesse\u00a0 indeniza\u00e7\u00e3o a ser paga , a empresa poderia utilizar o valor do dep\u00f3sito, at\u00e9 o montante da indeniza\u00e7\u00e3o por tempo de servi\u00e7o. Se n\u00e3o houvesse indeniza\u00e7\u00e3o a ser paga\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ou se estivesse prescritos os direitos,\u00a0 poderia levantar em seu favor os saldo da respectiva conta individualizada \u2013 n\u00e3o vinculada &#8211; .<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Este mesmo artigo previa que a conta n\u00e3o vinculada \u2013 do n\u00e3o optante, individualizada e dispensado\u00a0 sem justa causa antes de\u00a0 completar um ano de servi\u00e7o , reverteria em seu favor. Se despedido por justa causa, reverteria em favor do FGTS.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Altera\u00e7\u00f5es posteriores houve, pelo Decreto-lei 20 de setembro de 1966, constando , dentre outras,\u00a0 a impossibilidade de retrata\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 op\u00e7\u00e3o se houvesse transacionado o per\u00edodo anterior, retrata\u00e7\u00e3o esta prevista como poss\u00edvel anteriormente. Alterou tamb\u00e9m o prazo para realiza\u00e7\u00e3o dos dep\u00f3sitos, para o dia 30 de cada m\u00eas.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A lei 5.958 de 1973 disp\u00f4s sobre a possibilidade de op\u00e7\u00e3o retroativa, assegurando aos empregados que n\u00e3o tinha feito a op\u00e7\u00e3o, de realizar esta\u00a0 retroagindo a\u00a0 1\u00ba de janeiro de 196 ou \u00e0 data da admiss\u00e3o se posterior \u00e0quela, subordinada \u00c0 concord\u00e2ncia do empregador. Para os que contassem com dez anos de servi\u00e7o ou mais, limitava-se \u00e0 data em que completou o dec\u00eanio na empresa.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A\u00a0\u00a0 Lei 6.858 de novembro de 1980 tratou do pagamento do FGTS aos dependentes do empregado falecido.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aos diretores n\u00e3o empregados, facultou-se igualmente o\u00a0 sistema do FGTS pela Lei\u00a0 6.919 de junho de 1981. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Com a Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o Federal de 1988 o FGTS passou a ser previsto como direito dos trabalhadores\u00a0 urbanos e agora aos Rurais.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A lei 7.839 de outubro de 1989, regulou o FGTS , mas foi rapidamente refor\u00e7ada pela\u00a0 atual Lei\u00a0 8.036 de maio de 1990, a qual , entre outros\u00a0 e em alguma medida operando a transi\u00e7\u00e3o dos sistemas, asseverou o \u00a0direito adquirido aos j\u00e1 estabilit\u00e1rios, bem com\u00a0 a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o da CLT \u00a0aos n\u00e3o ainda estabilit\u00e1rios, a possibilidade de desobriga\u00e7\u00e3o da indeniza\u00e7\u00e3o do tempo desservi\u00e7o anterior mediante dep\u00f3sito do valor correspondente \u00e0 \u00a0essa mesma indeniza\u00e7\u00e3o, a possibilidade de transa\u00e7\u00e3o limitada a 60% da indeniza\u00e7\u00e3o prevista, bem como \u00e0 op\u00e7\u00e3o retroativa ( mat\u00e9ria esta final tratada pela OJ Transit\u00f3ria 39 da SBDI-I do TST).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Foi o Decreto 99.684\/90 que regulamentou a referida Lei 8.036\/90.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 No que respeita ao FGTS, institu\u00eddo com o um direito de todos pela Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o Federal de 1988, em seu inciso III\u00a0 previsto, foi e \u00e9 de \u00a0de enorme significado.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Foi assim conceituado pelo\u00a0 artigo 2\u00ba da Lei 8.036\/90: \u201c o FGTS \u00e9 constitu\u00eddo pelo saldos\u00a0 das contas vinculadas a que se refere esta Lei e outros recursos a ela incorporados, devendo ser aplicados com atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o monet\u00e1ria e juros, de modo\u00a0 a assegurar a cobertura de suas obriga\u00e7\u00f5es.\u201d<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sergio Pinto Martins assim o conceituou ( in\u00a0 Martins, Sergio Pinto. Manual do FGTS. S\u00e3o Paulo: Malheiros, 1997.p.46) : &#8230; um dep\u00f3sito\u00a0 banc\u00e1rio vinculado, pecuni\u00e1rio, , compuls\u00f3rio, realizado pelo empregador em favor do trabalhador, visando a formar uma esp\u00e9cie de poupan\u00e7a para este, que poder\u00e1 ser sacada nas hip\u00f3teses previstas em lei, al\u00e9m de\u00a0 se destinar ao financiamento para aquisi\u00e7\u00e3o de moradia pelo Sistema de Financiamento da Habita\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d, evidenciando n\u00e3o somente a finalidade de prote\u00e7\u00e3o ao tempo de servi\u00e7o do empregado, como tamb\u00e9m sua finalidade social \u00e0 moradia popular.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Essa nova condi\u00e7\u00e3o do FGTS como o direito constitucional \u00fanico na prote\u00e7\u00e3o ao tempo desservi\u00e7o, terminou por dar o golpe fatal na estabilidade decenal. Como a partir de ent\u00e3o o FGTS\u00a0 passa a ser a regra da prote\u00e7\u00e3o ao tempo de servi\u00e7o, deixa de existir a antiga op\u00e7\u00e3o pelo mesmo, bem como a pr\u00f3pria estabilidade. Novamente mantida a tradi\u00e7\u00e3o constitucional de respeito ao ato jur\u00eddico perfeito e ao direito adquirido.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mas como ora em 1988 foi poss\u00edvel a elimina\u00e7\u00e3o daquele hist\u00f3rico e geral direito \u00e0 estabilidade, t\u00e3o duramente conquistado e apenas relativizado em 1966 com a lei b\u00e1sica do Fundo?<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pois esta significativa mudan\u00e7a \u00a0deu-se mediante negocia\u00e7\u00e3o de outros direitos correlatos\u00a0 j\u00e1 constitucionalmente previstos e\u00a0 outros prometidamente\u00a0 a serem\u00a0 concedidos. Discuss\u00f5es essa duras entre interesses diversos promovidos por empregados e empregadores e suas entidades sindicais representativa, recomendando-se\u00a0 e remetendo-se ao leitor aos Anais da Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o Federal, onde encontram-se \u00a0documentados.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O Caput do artigo 7\u00ba assevera os direitos l\u00e1 elencados, \u201cal\u00e9m de outros que visem \u00e0 melhoria de sua condi\u00e7\u00e3o social\u201d.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 De pronto a institui\u00e7\u00e3o do FGTS como regime legal, fez incluir novel e importante direito relativo \u00e0 rescis\u00e3o contratual, qual seja, o direito ao seguro desemprego, que foi rapidamente regulamentado e hoje comp\u00f5e direito trabalhista contempor\u00e2neo inafast\u00e1vel.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mas j\u00e1 no inciso I, disp\u00f4s que haveria prote\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 rela\u00e7\u00e3o de emprego contra a despedida arbitr\u00e1ria ou sem justa causa. Prote\u00e7\u00e3o essa definida como de car\u00e1ter econ\u00f4mico \u2013 \u201cque prever\u00e1 indeniza\u00e7\u00e3o compensat\u00f3ria\u201d , nunca proibindo o ato potestativo do empregador. Previu ainda \u201coutros\u00a0 direitos\u201d, tudo a ser estabelecido por meio de Lei Complementar.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Por \u00f3bvio\u00a0 de fato pouco avan\u00e7o e alguma perspectiva, mas que assim n\u00e3o seria poss\u00edvel tamanha mudan\u00e7a, se n\u00e3o houvesse sido estabelecidas disposi\u00e7\u00f5es constitucionais transit\u00f3rias. A\u00ed justamente o artigo 10\u00ba dos\u00a0 ADCT que estatuiu, que\u00a0 \u201cat\u00e9 que\u00a0 seja promulgada a Lei Complementar a que se refere o artigo 7\u00ba , inciso\u00a0 I da Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d, I \u201cfica\u00a0 limitada a prote\u00e7\u00e3o nele referida ao aumento para quatro vezes, da porcentagem\u00a0 prevista na no artigo 6\u00ba caput\u00a0 e\u00a7 1\u00ba da Lei n\u00ba 5107, de 13 de setembro de 1966 \u201c.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Como previsto \u00a0a prote\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0 foi econ\u00f4mica, encarecendo sobremaneira o a despedida imotivada, mas sepultando de vez a estabilidade decenal.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 O FGTS constitui-se na maior conta de valores em um \u00fanico t\u00edtulo do pa\u00eds e que deveria adequadamente, al\u00e9m de proteger o trabalhador, ser o suporte para as t\u00e3o necess\u00e1rias\u00a0 quest\u00f5es de infraestrutura, saneamento b\u00e1sico e moradia que nele se financiam, mas que\u00a0 ainda assim n\u00e3o atingem seu desiderato.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Generalizando, pode-se\u00a0 afirmar que a\u00a0 superveni\u00eancia da Lei 8036\/90 ( e posteriores) veio no sentido de moderniza\u00e7\u00e3o do Sistema fundi\u00e1rio, por exemplo passando por um conselho curador, informatiza\u00e7\u00e3o do sistema, entre outros avan\u00e7os.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>IV Desdobramento infra constitucional<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00c0\u00a0 altera\u00e7\u00e3o constitucional, contudo n\u00e3o havia sido- at\u00e9 recentemente \u2013 editada a prometida Lei Complementar \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 , do artigo 7\u00ba, inciso I da CF.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Valendo-se do espa\u00e7o constitucional\u00a0 acima referido foi Editada a LC 110\/2001. Dela se esperava que regulamentando a disposi\u00e7\u00e3o constitucional que previsse \u201cindeniza\u00e7\u00e3o compensat\u00f3ria dentre outros direitos\u201d. N\u00e3o foi este, no entanto, o objeto da\u00a0 Edi\u00e7\u00e3o Legislativa Complementar.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A nova lei\u00a0 incrementou a obriga\u00e7\u00e3o do empregador, relativamente \u00e0s contribui\u00e7\u00f5es mensais e ao percentual rescis\u00f3rio , sem\u00a0 que qualquer centavo fosse diretamente alcan\u00e7ado ao trabalhador&#8230;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Instituiu esdr\u00faxulas contribui\u00e7\u00f5es sociais, autorizando\u00a0 cr\u00e9ditos de complementos de atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o monet\u00e1ria em\u00a0 contas vinculadas do FGTS, cuja finalidade, insisto, n\u00e3o beneficiou diretamente o trabalhador.<\/span><\/p><table width=\"100%\"><tbody><tr><td width=\"52%\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/td><td width=\"48%\">\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Foi institu\u00edda contribui\u00e7\u00e3o social devida pelos empregadores em caso de despedida de empregado sem justa causa, \u00e0 al\u00edquota de dez por cento sobre o montante de todos os dep\u00f3sitos devidos, referentes ao Fundo de Garantia do Tempo de Servi\u00e7o \u2013 FGTS, durante a vig\u00eancia do contrato de trabalho, acrescido das remunera\u00e7\u00f5es aplic\u00e1veis \u00e0s contas vinculadas, isentados\u00a0os empregadores dom\u00e9sticos.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ainda instituiu contribui\u00e7\u00e3o social devida pelos empregadores, \u00e0 al\u00edquota de cinco d\u00e9cimos por cento sobre a remunera\u00e7\u00e3o devida, no m\u00eas anterior, a cada trabalhador.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Traduzindo, passou o empregador a depositar mensalmente al\u00edquota de FGTS de 8,5% e multa rescis\u00f3ria de 50%, mas com finalidade distinta daquela de atribuir direitos sociais.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pois tal decorreu de solu\u00e7\u00e3o de forma de cumprir decis\u00f5es do Supremo Tribunal Federal, que determinavam a recomposi\u00e7\u00e3o dos valores do FGTS, os quais, por dois desastrados planos econ\u00f4micos\u00a0 da d\u00e9cada de 90,\u00a0 deixaram de atualizar adequadamente\u00a0 as enormes quantias l\u00e1 depositadas,\u00a0 tendo sido o preju\u00edzo reconhecido nas decis\u00f5es supremas.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Quem arcaria com a recomposi\u00e7\u00e3o dos dep\u00f3sitos existente nas contas do FGTS? Empregados n\u00e3o tinham qualquer responsabilidade neste aspecto. Empregadores arguiam que ao tempo da exig\u00eancia das obriga\u00e7\u00f5es (dep\u00f3sitos mensais e multa rescis\u00f3ria) atenderam \u00e0 regra legal vigente quanto aos percentuais de dep\u00f3sitos mensais e multa e, portanto, nenhuma obriga\u00e7\u00e3o econ\u00f4mica remanescia.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Assim \u00e9 que a criativa solu\u00e7\u00e3o veio atrav\u00e9s da previs\u00e3o legal constitucional da LC, mas desvirtuando a finalidade prevista pelo legislador constituinte.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aumentaram as obriga\u00e7\u00f5es dos empregadores para\u00a0 reparar erro governamental que historicamente deixou de adequadamente corrigir os dep\u00f3sitos do FGTS, sem atingir, entretanto o desiderato do comando constitucional.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Assim foi sendo feito, at\u00e9 que, passados alguns anos, e sem as devidas informa\u00e7\u00f5es acerca de que montantes haviam sido recompostos ao FGTS e o que\u00a0 faltaria para cumprir as decis\u00f5es do Supremo, se \u00e9 que que algo faltava,\u00a0 at\u00e9 uma certa percep\u00e7\u00e3o de que\u00a0 j\u00e1 atendidas, dever-se-ia retornar aos\u00a0 percentuais\u00a0 anteriores de cumprimento das obriga\u00e7\u00f5es fundi\u00e1rias&#8230;\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00c0s tentativas administrativas de identificar valores suplementarmente depositados e saber do atendimento\u00a0 final das determina\u00e7\u00e3o es da LC, n\u00e3o se obteve qualquer dado ou informa\u00e7\u00e3o segura, levando in\u00fameras entidades de representa\u00e7\u00e3o nacional a promover a\u00e7\u00f5es no STF para suspender os efeitos da\u00a0 LC.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Duas delas remanescem: A Medida Cautelar na a\u00e7\u00e3o Direta de Inconstitucionalidade n\u00ba 5051- Distrito Federal, e o Recurso Extraordin\u00e1rio RE 878313, o qual teve o reconhecimento de repercuss\u00e3o geral \u00e0 quest\u00e3o constitucional suscitada, nos seguintes termos de ementa:<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201c CONTRIBUI\u00c7\u00c3O SOCIAL \u2013 ARTIGO 1\u00ba DA LEI COMPLEMENTAR\u00a0 N\u00ba110\/2001- FINALIDADE EXAURIDA- ARTIGOS 149 E 154, INCISO i DA CARTA DE 1988 \u2013 ARGUI\u00c7AO DE\u00a0 INCONSTITUCIONALIDADE SUPERVENIENTE- RECURSO \u00a0EXTRAORDIN\u00c1RIO \u00a0&#8211; REPERCUSS\u00c3O GERAL CONFIGURADA: Possui repercuss\u00e3o geral a controv\u00e9rsia relativa a saber se , constatado o exaurimento do objetivo \u2013 custeio de expurgos inflacion\u00e1rios das contas vinculadas ao Fundo de Garantia do Tempo de\u00a0 Servi\u00e7o- em raz\u00e3o do qual foi institu\u00edda\u00a0 a contribui\u00e7\u00e3o social versada no artigo 1\u00ba da Lei Complementar 110, de\u00a0 29 de junho de 2001, deve ser assentada a extin\u00e7\u00e3o do tributo ou admitida a perpetua\u00e7\u00e3o da cobran\u00e7a ainda que o produto da arrecada\u00e7\u00e3o seja destinado a fim diverso do original.\u201d<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Em consulta processual do m\u00eas de outubro de 2018, mant\u00e9m-se em igual\u00a0 andamento os procedimentos referidos.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Resulta, pois que, por for\u00e7a dessa determina\u00e7\u00e3o do STF, vigente, retornamos hoje aos percentuais p\u00f3s\u00a0 Carta de 1988, de dep\u00f3sitos mensais de 8,0% e multa rescis\u00f3ria de 40%.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>CONCLUS\u00c3O<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 No presente artigo est\u00e3o coment\u00e1rios acerca do importante direito ao FGTS a todos atribu\u00eddo por for\u00e7a da norma do artigo 7\u00ba , II da\u00a0 Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o Federal.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A sua incorpora\u00e7\u00e3o aos direitos sociais constitucionais, com a consequente elimina\u00e7\u00e3o da estabilidade decenal.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tal resultou poss\u00edvel, por conta da atribui\u00e7\u00e3o na Carta Magna de outros direitos e promessas de faz\u00ea-lo (e a LC 110\/01 n\u00e3o o fez). Foram eles o seguro desemprego, devidamente regulamentado por lei, o\u00a0 quadruplicar da multa rescis\u00f3ria sobreo FGTS ( Art. 10 ADCT, I, CF).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ap\u00f3s\u00a0 distorcida edi\u00e7\u00e3o de\u00a0 LC, na forma prevista pelo artigo 7\u00ba I, da CF, recompostos os valores do FGTS, como determinou o STF, estamos\u00a0 no aguardo do julgamento de m\u00e9rito das a\u00e7\u00f5es, mas protegidos por conta do vigente \u00a0reconhecimento de repercuss\u00e3o geral \u00e0 discuss\u00e3o sobre a constitucionalidade da mesma, cumprida que est\u00e1, passados mais de 15 anos de sua edi\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Renovo o prazer em homenagear o Confrade Georgenor de Sousa Franco Filho, figura humana e profissional impar e querida que mora em nossos cora\u00e7\u00f5es!<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Andr\u00e9 Jobim de Azevedo I Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A lembran\u00e7a e iniciativa dos Confrades Jos\u00e9 Cl\u00e1udio Monteiro de Brito, Sandro Nahmias, e S\u00f4nia Mascaro Nascimento, bem como do colega Ney&nbsp; Maranh\u00e3o, coordenadores da obra em homenagem ao&nbsp; querido Confrade Georgenor de Sousa Franco Filho revela &nbsp;sensibilidade comum no sentido de&nbsp;&nbsp; que nosso irm\u00e3o &nbsp;GEO tem &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/faracodeazevedo.com.br\/index.php\/2022\/02\/25\/fgts-constituicao-federal\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue lendo<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;FGTS , Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o Federal&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10067","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sem-categoria","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/faracodeazevedo.com.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10067","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/faracodeazevedo.com.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/faracodeazevedo.com.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faracodeazevedo.com.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faracodeazevedo.com.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10067"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/faracodeazevedo.com.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10067\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10078,"href":"https:\/\/faracodeazevedo.com.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10067\/revisions\/10078"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/faracodeazevedo.com.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10067"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faracodeazevedo.com.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10067"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/faracodeazevedo.com.br\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10067"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}